# <pre>
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# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
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# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
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# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
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# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
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# </a>
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# and
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# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
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# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
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# </a>
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# for information.
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# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
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#
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# Except for the French entries,
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# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
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# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
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# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
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Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
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Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
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Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
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Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
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Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
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Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
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# which is used below in specifying the transition.
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Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
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Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
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Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
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# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
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Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
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Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
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Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
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Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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# Argentina - year-round bases
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# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
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# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
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# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
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# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
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# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
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# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
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# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
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# Australia - territories
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# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
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# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
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# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
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# Margaret Turner reports
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# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
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# presumably this is when they have visitors.
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#
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# year-round bases
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# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
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# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
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# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
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# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
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# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
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# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
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# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
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# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
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# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
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#
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# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
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# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
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# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
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# </a>
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#
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# We have more background information here:
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# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
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# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
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# </a>
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
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# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
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# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
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# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
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# on 4 April.
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#
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# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
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# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
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# has not been decided yet.
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#
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# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
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# 20:00 UTC.
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#
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# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
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#
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# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
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# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
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#
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# Background:
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# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
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# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
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# </a>
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
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8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
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# Western (Aus) Standard Time
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11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
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# Casey Time
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8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
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11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
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8:00 - WST
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Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
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7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
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0 - zzz 1969 Feb
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7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
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5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
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7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
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5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
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7:00 - DAVT
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Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
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6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
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# Mawson Time
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5:00 - MAWT
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Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
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10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
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10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
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10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
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11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
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# References:
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# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
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# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
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# </a>
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# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
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# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
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# </a>
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# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
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# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
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# </a>
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# Brazil - year-round base
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# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
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# Chile - year-round bases and towns
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# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
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# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
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# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
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# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
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# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
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# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
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# China - year-round bases
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# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
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# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
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# France - year-round bases
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#
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# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
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# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
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# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
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# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
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# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
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# from Tasmania.
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#
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# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
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#
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# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
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# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
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# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
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# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
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#
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# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
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# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
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#
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
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5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
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#
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# year-round base in the main continent
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# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
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#
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# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
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# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
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#
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
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10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
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0 - zzz 1956 Nov
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10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
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# Reference:
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# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
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# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
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# </a>
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# Germany - year-round base
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# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
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# India - year-round base
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# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
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# Japan - year-round bases
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# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
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# Syowa, -690022+0393524
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#
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# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
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# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
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#
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# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
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# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
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# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
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3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
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# See:
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# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
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# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
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# </a>
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# S Korea - year-round base
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# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
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# New Zealand - claims
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# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
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# Scott Island (never inhabited)
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#
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# year-round base
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# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
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#
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# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
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Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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# Norway - territories
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# Bouvet (never inhabited)
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#
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# claims
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# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
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# Poland - year-round base
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# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
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# Russia - year-round bases
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# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
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# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
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# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
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# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
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# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
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# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
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# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
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# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
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# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
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# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
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# time as Moscow, Russia.
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#
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# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
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# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
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# what they had to say about time there:
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# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
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# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
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# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
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# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
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# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
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# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
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# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
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# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
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# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
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# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
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# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
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# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
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#
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Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
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6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
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# S Africa - year-round bases
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# Marion Island, -4653+03752
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# Sanae, -7141-00250
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# UK
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#
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# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
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# South Orkney Islands
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# scientific station from 1903
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# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
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# South Shetland Islands
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#
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# year-round bases
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# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
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# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
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# scientific station 1943/1967,
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# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
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# and a garrison was deployed briefly
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# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
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# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
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# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
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# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
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# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
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#
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
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-3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
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# Uruguay - year round base
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# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
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# USA - year-round bases
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#
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# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
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#
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# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
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# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
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# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
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# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
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# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
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# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
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#
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
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-4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
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-3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
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-4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
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#
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#
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# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
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12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
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#
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# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
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# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
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# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
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#
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# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
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# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
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# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
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# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
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# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
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# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
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# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
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#
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# From Susan Smith
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# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
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# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
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# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
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# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
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# One last quirk about South Pole time.
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# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
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# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
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# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
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# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
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# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
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#
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Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
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